6. Shadow – trace

7. Karigadabu – a South Indian fried sweet

8. Stuck to – clung to

9. Glowingly – in a praising manner

10. Annayya – a respectful term for an elder

11. Flea – pestered – troubled by flea or insects

12. Sourness – tangy taste

13. Creeper – trailing plant

14. Behold – see

15. Rambling – going off the point

16. Disgraceful – humiliating

17. Change – loose small coins

18. Muttering – mumbling, not speaking clearly

19. Melted away – dispersed

20. Lump – a shapeless mass

21. Aspect – side

22. Assessed – estimated

23. Stiff – inflexible

24. Pleasantries – light conversation

25. Troupe – party of performers

26. Distressed – pained

27. Made up my mind – determined

28. Fetch – bring

29. Threshold – doorstep

30. Peeped in – looked in secretly

31. Abruptly – suddenly

32. Savouring – tasty

33. Glanced – looked

34. Embarrassed – ashamed

35. Overcome by shyness – feeling very shy

36. Vowed – took a pledge

37. Fled – ran away

38. Shrivelled – contracted

39. Tutored – instructed

40. Protest – objection

41. Paraphernalia – books

42. Moss – small green plant

43. Negotiations – talks about marriage

44. Bear fruit – prove successful

45. Face had fallen – looked sad

Questions Answers

Q1. How does the author mock geographers and cartographers for not mentioning the name of his village?

Ans. Hosahali is a village in Karnataka, situated in the former state of Mysore. The author in the story describes Hosahali as a beautiful place with mangoes as its main attractions. However, it is upset that the Indian cartographer and the British cartographer did not mark Hosahalli on the map when it was made years ago. He also mocks them by naming them a flock of sheep, where one sheep goes into a pit and the rest of them follows it blindly. He explains why the Sahibs were possibly not aware in England that such a place existed in India.

Q2. What does the author say about the pond and creeper of his village?

Ans. Masti Venkatesha loves his village and is proud of his village, Hosahalli, and feels that his village is as important to Mysore as Mysore itself is important to India. Readers hear about the kind of creeper that grows in a village pond with the clearest water. The flowers are a feast to watch. In addition, the author says that the leaves of the creeper can be used to serve meals, which tells us how cute his village is.

Q3. What does the “change” incident reflect about the social status of English in those days?

Ans. Even when speaking in Kannada, the villagers carry English words. The narrator finds this to be a shame and demonstrates his point of view by providing an example. A bundle of firewood was brought to Rama Rao’s house, and his son asked the lady what the price was. When she said, “Four pice,” the boy told her that he had no change and asked her to come back the next day. The poor woman did not understand the word change and went away muttering to herself. Thus, the use of English before a native Kannada speaker created confusion. This illustrates the effect of English on the way of life of modern young educated Indians that the narrator does not approve of.

Q4. What special trait of Ranga is discussed in the story? How did Ranga do Namaskara?

Ans. Ranga was the son of an accountant and went to Bangalore to study. He was a well educated, well-mannered boy. He was a typical boy, very different from other boys of his own generation. He was very generous and thoughtful of people. He was also very fond of English and customs. Ranga had a proper namaskar to the writer, and he was very impressed with him. Not only did he fold his hands, but he also bent down to touch his feet, welcoming the narrator in a very traditional way.

Q5. How did people become convinced that Ranga hadn’t changed?

Ans. The crowd of villagers milled around Ranga’s house to see whether or not he had changed. People were very happy because Ranga had returned home after learning English in Bangalore. An old lady rubbed her hand over the chest of Ranga. She was gazing into his eyes. She was happy to see the sacred thread on her body. She was glad that he hadn’t lost his caste. People vanished from the scene until they understood that Ranga had not undergone any material change. Because of his modesty, Ranga was able to capture the hearts of the villagers. His schooling in the city did not bring him any improvement. Being humble and humble helped him to gain the affection of others.

Q6. Why did the narrator relate the story of the lion and he-goat? Elucidate.

Ans. As the Lion is caught by a he-goat, and so does the narrator with Ranga, so he compares Ranga to the lion. The narrator takes the help of a tale in which a goat threatens the lion with his cleverness. The narrator used this analogy to express the impression that he was the moderator, who had already married nine young men, such as Ranga. Now it was Ranga’s turn to fall victim to his urge to get him married. Getting someone married to a narrator is similar to having a lion eaten by a goat.

Q7. What role did Shastri play in bringing about Ranga and Ratna together?

Ans. The narrator sought Shastri’s assistance in getting together Ranga and Ratna. He tutored the astrologer, Shastri. Ranga was taken to his home. Shastri read and made measurements of the stars.

Finally, he announced that the name of something found in the ocean was the girl in Ranga’s mind. It may as well be Ratna. Ranga claimed that even the stars wanted him to marry Ratna.

Q8. Why did the narrator tell a lie about Ratna”s marital status?

Ans. The narrator noticed Ranga‟s growing interest in Ratna. Ranga enquired if she was married. The narrator told a lie that she was married a year ago. He said so to see Ranga”s reaction. Later on, he declared that she was not married yet. Ranga was surprised and happy, all willing to marry Ratna.

Q9. How did the narrator test the sincerity of Ranga’s feelings about Ratna?

Ans. The narrator employed the age-old trick “temptation for the unattainable”. He first mentioned that the girl had been married a year ago. He noticed Ranga’s disappointment. Ranga’s face fell when the narrator mentioned to the astrologer that Ratna was married. When he was sure of the sincerity of Ranga’s feelings about Ratna, he disclosed that she wasn’t married.

Q10. What kind of a person do you think the narrator is?

Ans. The narrator (Shyama) is a man of his land as he introduces his village with such enthusiasm that every reader would want to visit it at least once. His hospitality can also be appreciated as he promises to take good care of his readers. He is someone who believes in maintaining the authenticity of his culture that is why he thinks it is a disgrace to mix Kannada with English. He is a man with a good judge of character. He knows what type of man Ranga is and that Rama Rao”s niece Ratna would be a perfect partner for him. Shyama is a good strategist. The whole set-up he stages with the village Shastri to get Ranga and Ratna married, pose as evidence for that. He cleverly calls Ranga to his home when Ratna is singing a song. He notices Ranga”s reaction and interest in her and arouses his curiosity by arranging a meeting with the astrologer. First, he says that Ratna is married, but when he finds Ranga deeply interested in her, he confesses that he was wrongly informed. In short, the narrator tries his utmost to get the marriage settled. He is also funny in the manner he teases the village Shastri. Although clever, he seems to be a man with the best intentions at heart.

Q.11. “The best way of getting to know a place is to visit it.” Which place does Masti Venkatesha Iyengar refer to? What do you learn about it?

Ans. The author refers to Hosahalli, the village of Rangappa and the narrator. From the narrator”s point of view, it is an important village in the Mysore state. People may not have heard of it, as there is no mention of it in Geography books. The place has been ignored both by British and Indian authors. No cartographer has put it on the map. The raw mangoes from the mango trees in the village are quite sour. The extreme potency of the sourness of these mangoes is amply illustrated by the comment – “Just take a bite. The sourness is sure to go straight to your, Bahmarandhra.” The creeper growing in the village pond has beautiful flowers and broad leaves. The latter can serve as plates for serving afternoon meal. The village doctor Gundabhatta also speaks glowingly of Hosahalli.

Q.12. Give a brief account of the narrator’s two meetings with Ranga after the latter’s return from Bangalore.

Ans. After being educated in Bangalore, when Ranga returned home, crowds of people gathered around his home to see him. The narrator was drawn to that crowd. He marched and stood in the courtyard, too. Having a smile on his face, Ranga came out. The narrator asked Rangappa, after everyone had gone, how he was. Ranga saw him and moved next to him. His hands folded and he touched the narrator’s foot. He said he was all right, with the blessing of the narrator. The narrator blessed him and hoped that he would soon be able to marry him. They shared some fun and respectful remarks. The narrator then left. Ranga came to his house that afternoon, while the narrator was sleeping, with a few oranges in his hand. The narrator thought that Ranga was a kind and thoughtful fellow. He was of the view that it would be all right to have him married, settled and serve society.

Q.13. What opinion do you form of Ranga?

Ans. Ranga is a typical young South Indian man whose feet are firmly rooted in traditional Indian culture, but the latest acquisition of the English language and ways of life influences the brain. According to the expectations prevailing in society at that time, he seems to have reached marriageable age. He is considered generous and considerate by the narrator. Ranga seemed to be in favour of love marriage at first, marrying a girl of one’s choosing, whom one loved and who would be mature enough to comprehend and react to love-talk. The systematic measures taken to marry Ratna by the narrator to rope in Ranga indicate that the young man has a sensitive heart. The act of Ranga naming his golden boy “Shyama” after the narrator reveals his adherence to the English tradition of naming the boy after anyone you like. Ranga appears, on the whole, as a smart but lovable fellow.