The Story of Little Black Sambo: A Children’s Book Caught in History’s Web
“The Story of Little Black Sambo,” written and illustrated by Helen Bannerman in 1899, was once a beloved children’s classic. However, in recent decades, the book has become a subject of controversy due to its use of racial stereotypes. This article will delve into the story’s history, its problematic elements, and the ongoing debate surrounding its place in children’s literature.
A Look at the Plot
The story follows a young boy named Sambo, who receives a vibrant new outfit from his parents – a red coat, blue trousers, purple shoes, and a green umbrella. Filled with pride, Sambo ventures into the jungle, where he encounters a series of tigers. Each tiger demands an article of his clothing, threatening to devour him otherwise. Sambo cleverly outsmarts them, tricking them into chasing each other around a tree until they churn into butter. He retrieves his clothes and returns home a hero, enjoying a feast of pancakes made with the tiger-butter.
The Historical Context
Published at the tail end of the Victorian era, “The Story of Little Black Sambo” reflects the prevailing social attitudes of the time. European colonialism was at its peak, and racial stereotypes were rampant in popular culture. Black people were often portrayed as simple, childlike, or even savage.
The Controversy
While some saw Sambo as a clever and resourceful protagonist, critics began to highlight the book’s problematic elements.
- Racial Stereotypes: The book’s title employs the derogatory term “Sambo,” a racial slur used to demean black people. Additionally, the illustrations depict Sambo with exaggerated facial features, further perpetuating negative stereotypes.
- Cultural Insensitivity: The story borrows elements from an Indian folktale, but it recontextualizes them in a way that disregards the original cultural background. Additionally, referring to the parents as “Black Jumbo” and “Black Mumbo” reinforces a simplistic portrayal of black characters.
The Ongoing Debate
The debate surrounding “The Story of Little Black Sambo” continues. Here are some key arguments:
- Censorship vs. Education: Should the book be censored or banned altogether? Opponents of censorship argue that removing the book from circulation prevents a discussion about racism and its historical roots.
- Alternative Approaches: Some propose keeping the book available in libraries and classrooms with critical commentary to provide context and educate readers about the book’s problematic nature.
- Modern Alternatives: Many call for the replacement of “The Story of Little Black Sambo” with children’s books that celebrate diversity and avoid racial stereotypes.
Moving Forward
“The Story of Little Black Sambo” is a complex case study in how children’s literature can reflect and perpetuate societal biases. While the story may hold some nostalgic value for some readers, it’s crucial to acknowledge its problematic elements and engage in open conversations about race and representation in children’s books. Here are some key takeaways:
- Importance of Diverse Voices: We need a wider range of stories featuring protagonists from different backgrounds, dismantling stereotypes and promoting inclusivity.
- Critical Thinking Skills: Encourage children to think critically about the books they read, questioning portrayals and considering the author’s perspective.
- Open Communication: Open discussions about race and racism are essential for fostering understanding and empathy in young minds.
Finding Alternatives
Many wonderful children’s books celebrate diversity and avoid racial stereotypes. Here are a few suggestions:
- “Amazing Grace” by Mary Hoffman (story of a young black girl discovering her heritage)
- “Last Stop on Market Street” by Matt de la Peña (a heartwarming tale about a young boy and his father riding the bus)
- “The Paper Bag Princess” by Robert Munsch (a clever twist on the traditional princess story)
- “Something Happened in Our Town” by Marianne Celano (a gentle approach to talking about racism for young children)
“The Story of Little Black Sambo” serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of critical reflection in children’s literature. By acknowledging the book’s problematic elements and seeking out diverse alternatives, we can create a richer and more inclusive reading experience for all children.